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Appendix�B <br /> Definitions <br /> Aggressor is a student who engages in bullying, cyber-bullying, or retaliation. <br /> Bullying, as defined in M.G.L. c. 71, § 370, is the repeated use by one or more students of a written, verbal, or <br /> e ronic expression or a physical act or gesture or any combination thereof, directed at a target that: <br /> causes physical or emotional harm to the target or damage to the target's property; <br /> places the target in reasonable fear of harm to himself or herself or of damage to his or her property; <br /> creates a hostile environment at school for the target; <br /> infringes on the rights of the target at school; or <br /> v materially and substantially disrupts the education process or the orderly operation of a school. <br /> Cyber-bullying, is bullying through the use of technology or electronic devices such as telephones, cell phones, <br /> computers, and the Internet. It includes, but is not limited to, email, instant messages, text messages, and Internet <br /> postings. See M.G.L. c. 71, § 370 for the legal definition of cyber-bullying. <br /> Hostile environment, as defined in M.G.L. c. 71, § 370, is a situation in which bullying causes the school <br /> environment to be permeated with intimidation, ridicule, or insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the <br /> conditions of a student's education. <br /> Retaliation is any form of intimidation, reprisal, or harassment directed against a student who reports bullying, <br /> provides information during an investigation of bullying, or witnesses or has reliable information about bullying. <br /> Staff includes, but is not Iimited to, educators, administrators, counselors, school nurses, cafeteria workers, <br /> custodians, bus drivers, athletic coaches, advisors to extracurricular activities, support staff, or paraprofessionals. <br /> Target is a student against whom bullying, cyber-bullying, or retaliation has been perpetrated. <br /> 10 <br />